Lesson

Developing an argument

Build persuasive arguments

≈ 15 min 8 block(s)

Text

Developing an argument

Developing an argument means presenting a clear position and supporting it with logical points, evidence, and structure so your audience is convinced. In professional contexts, a well-developed argument helps you persuade colleagues, win approval for projects, and present recommendations clearly.

  • State a clear claim or thesis.
  • Support the claim with reasons and concrete evidence.
  • Address counterarguments and provide a rebuttal.
  • Conclude by summarizing the main points and the recommendation.

Table

Argument Structure and Useful Phrases

Part Purpose Example phrase
Claim / Thesis State your main position Our recommendation is to outsource the project to reduce costs.
Reason Explain why the claim matters Outsourcing allows access to specialized skills and faster delivery.
Evidence / Example Support with data or concrete example Last quarter, outsourcing cut delivery time by 30% in a similar project.
Counterargument Present the opposing view Some may argue this increases risk and reduces control.
Rebuttal Refute the counterargument with logic or evidence While there is risk, a phased approach with KPIs mitigates it.
Conclusion / Recommendation Summarize and call to action Therefore, we should pilot outsourcing on one module next quarter.

Tip

Key rule for developing an argument

Be clear, concise, and structured: present a claim, support it, acknowledge objections, and finish with a strong conclusion.

  • Start with one clear central claim.
  • Use 2–3 supporting reasons with evidence (data, example, authority).
  • Acknowledge a main counterargument and respond to it.
  • End with a direct recommendation or call to action.

Think: Claim → Support → Counter → Conclude

Example

Examples in context

Claim: Our team should adopt a new CRM to improve client tracking.

Support: The new CRM reduced response times by 40% in a pilot last year.

Counterargument: Implementing a new system will be costly and time-consuming.

Rebuttal: We propose a phased rollout and vendor training to limit disruption.

Tip

Common mistakes when developing an argument

Avoid these frequent errors that weaken arguments in any language:

  • Making an unclear or vague claim that the audience cannot identify.
  • Relying on opinions without evidence or concrete examples.
  • Failing to acknowledge obvious counterarguments.
  • Using poor organization: jumping between points without clear transitions.
  • Overgeneralizing or presenting weak, unsupported claims.

Aim for clarity, evidence, and logical sequence to strengthen your argument.

Quiz

Choose the best opening sentence for a persuasive business recommendation:

Hint: Look for a sentence that states a clear, actionable recommendation.

Quiz

Complete: The main _____ of my proposal is to reduce operational costs.

Hint: Think about the word that names the central point you are trying to prove.

Quiz

Which sentence is the best rebuttal to this counterargument: 'This plan is too expensive'?

Hint: Find the option that both recognizes the objection and provides a logical counter.

Key Points

Vocabulary

claim

noun CEFR B1 //kleɪm//

A statement that presents a position or belief to be supported.

The claim in the report emphasized faster delivery times.

Vocabulary

evidence

noun CEFR B2 //ˈɛvɪdəns//

Data, examples, or facts used to support a claim.

Present evidence from last quarter to support your recommendation.

Vocabulary

counterargument

noun CEFR B2 //ˈkaʊntərˌɑːrɡjumənt//

An opposing point or objection to the main claim.

Include a counterargument to show you have considered other viewpoints.

Vocabulary

rebuttal

noun CEFR B2 //rɪˈbʌtəl//

A response that refutes or counters a counterargument.

She offered a rebuttal supported by statistics from a pilot study.

Expression

signpost

verb / noun CEFR B2 //ˈsaɪnˌpəʊst//

To use words or phrases that guide the listener through the structure of your argument (e.g., 'first', 'however', 'therefore').

Use signposts like 'however' to introduce a counterargument.

GrammarPoint

concession

noun CEFR C1 //kənˈsɛʃən//

Acknowledging a valid point from the opposing side before responding.

A useful concession: 'Although the initial investment is high, the long-term benefits outweigh the costs.'

Vocabulary

thesis

noun CEFR B2 //ˈθiːsɪs//

The central idea or main argument that you intend to prove.

State your thesis clearly at the beginning of your presentation.