Developing an argument means presenting a clear position and supporting it with logical points, evidence, and structure so your audience is convinced. In professional contexts, a well-developed argument helps you persuade colleagues, win approval for projects, and present recommendations clearly.
State a clear claim or thesis.
Support the claim with reasons and concrete evidence.
Address counterarguments and provide a rebuttal.
Conclude by summarizing the main points and the recommendation.
Table
Argument Structure and Useful Phrases
Part
Purpose
Example phrase
Claim / Thesis
State your main position
Our recommendation is to outsource the project to reduce costs.
Reason
Explain why the claim matters
Outsourcing allows access to specialized skills and faster delivery.
Evidence / Example
Support with data or concrete example
Last quarter, outsourcing cut delivery time by 30% in a similar project.
Counterargument
Present the opposing view
Some may argue this increases risk and reduces control.
Rebuttal
Refute the counterargument with logic or evidence
While there is risk, a phased approach with KPIs mitigates it.
Conclusion / Recommendation
Summarize and call to action
Therefore, we should pilot outsourcing on one module next quarter.
Tip
Key rule for developing an argument
Be clear, concise, and structured: present a claim, support it, acknowledge objections, and finish with a strong conclusion.
Start with one clear central claim.
Use 2–3 supporting reasons with evidence (data, example, authority).
Acknowledge a main counterargument and respond to it.
End with a direct recommendation or call to action.
Think: Claim → Support → Counter → Conclude
Example
Examples in context
Claim: Our team should adopt a new CRM to improve client tracking.
Support: The new CRM reduced response times by 40% in a pilot last year.
Counterargument: Implementing a new system will be costly and time-consuming.
Rebuttal: We propose a phased rollout and vendor training to limit disruption.
Tip
Common mistakes when developing an argument
Avoid these frequent errors that weaken arguments in any language:
Making an unclear or vague claim that the audience cannot identify.
Relying on opinions without evidence or concrete examples.
Failing to acknowledge obvious counterarguments.
Using poor organization: jumping between points without clear transitions.
Overgeneralizing or presenting weak, unsupported claims.
Aim for clarity, evidence, and logical sequence to strengthen your argument.
Quiz
Choose the best opening sentence for a persuasive business recommendation:
Hint: Look for a sentence that states a clear, actionable recommendation.
Correct!
A strong opening states a clear recommendation or claim. The correct sentence presents a direct, specific recommendation suitable for business contexts.
Incorrect
The correct answer was: Our main recommendation is to consolidate suppliers to achieve cost savings.
A strong opening states a clear recommendation or claim. The correct sentence presents a direct, specific recommendation suitable for business contexts.
Quiz
Complete: The main _____ of my proposal is to reduce operational costs.
Hint: Think about the word that names the central point you are trying to prove.
Correct!
The noun 'argument' refers to the main point or rationale being presented in a proposal.
Incorrect
The correct answer was: argument
The noun 'argument' refers to the main point or rationale being presented in a proposal.
Quiz
Which sentence is the best rebuttal to this counterargument: 'This plan is too expensive'?
Hint: Find the option that both recognizes the objection and provides a logical counter.
Correct!
An effective rebuttal acknowledges the concern and responds with evidence or logic. The correct choice concedes the cost issue but counters with projected savings and a timeframe.
Incorrect
The correct answer was: While initial costs are high, projected savings will offset them within 18 months.
An effective rebuttal acknowledges the concern and responds with evidence or logic. The correct choice concedes the cost issue but counters with projected savings and a timeframe.
Key Points
Vocabulary
claim
nounCEFR B1//kleɪm//
A statement that presents a position or belief to be supported.
The claim in the report emphasized faster delivery times.
Vocabulary
evidence
nounCEFR B2//ˈɛvɪdəns//
Data, examples, or facts used to support a claim.
Present evidence from last quarter to support your recommendation.
Vocabulary
counterargument
nounCEFR B2//ˈkaʊntərˌɑːrɡjumənt//
An opposing point or objection to the main claim.
Include a counterargument to show you have considered other viewpoints.
Vocabulary
rebuttal
nounCEFR B2//rɪˈbʌtəl//
A response that refutes or counters a counterargument.
She offered a rebuttal supported by statistics from a pilot study.
Expression
signpost
verb / nounCEFR B2//ˈsaɪnˌpəʊst//
To use words or phrases that guide the listener through the structure of your argument (e.g., 'first', 'however', 'therefore').
Use signposts like 'however' to introduce a counterargument.
GrammarPoint
concession
nounCEFR C1//kənˈsɛʃən//
Acknowledging a valid point from the opposing side before responding.
A useful concession: 'Although the initial investment is high, the long-term benefits outweigh the costs.'
Vocabulary
thesis
nounCEFR B2//ˈθiːsɪs//
The central idea or main argument that you intend to prove.
State your thesis clearly at the beginning of your presentation.
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